Sentence examples for breakdown of linkage from inspiring English sources

We propose that the weak and inconsistent associations of 17q single nucleotide polymorphisms with asthma in African Americans is due to the high frequency of some 17q alleles, the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium on African-derived chromosomes, and possibly different early-life asthma endotypes in these children.

Breakdown of linkage disequilibrium between an antagonistic locus on Chromosome 4 and the Y occurs at two levels: 1) the presence of males with unfused X chromosomes, and 2) the exchange between unfused and fused chromosomes.

The breakdown of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome of an organism is a key factor affecting the precision and accuracy provided by association mapping, and is in turn affected by many genetic and non-genetic factors, including recombination, drift, selection, mating pattern, and admixture [19] [21].

The degree of haplotype diversity can also be explored graphically using bifurcation plots which are diagrams for visualizing the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium (LD) along haplotypes.

The consequence of OA increasing in the population, however, is to reduce the parasite driven genotype oscillations and facilitate the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium at the disease-resistance loci.

This type of covariation is expected to break down rapidly under antagonistic selection [ 83], and the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium created by past natural selection on eyespot size (for combinations of overall larger or smaller eyespots) may have contributed to the rapid independent evolution of eyespot sizes under antagonistic selection [ 57].

Biodegradation is carried out on polyesters, formed through ester linkage, and esterases are the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of these linkages found in microorganisms.

Fibroblastic transformation, breakdown of proteoglycan linkages, and degeneration of collagen fibrils have been found in the inflamed sclera [10], these alterations may permanently modify the scleral structure and rigidity.

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are the key enzymes for hemicellulose degradation by the breakdown of the glycosidic linkages and remove the phenolic, methyl and acetyl esters.

Lignin degradation, the third step, occurred gradually from 250 350 °C, probably due to the breakdown of lignin C C linkages (Dominguez et al. 2008).

This suggests that, it is possible for AEF to breakdown α linkage of polysaccharide to retard digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine, thus reducing the increasing of blood glucose levels [ 35].