True mechanical instability may result from loosening, bone loss, prosthetic breakage, component size or position, fracture, wear, or collateral ligament failure.
Other reasons for rTKA may be pain, instability, wear, fracture, malalignment, implant breakage, incorrect size and dislocation of one or more components [ 8, 9].
Transient breakage drop-size distributions have been experimentally measured using an image analysis technique.
Below the maximum size, breakage probability varied inversely with granule strength up to 9 kPa.
It is found that despite the predominantly hydrostatic nature of stresses responsible for retarding the breakage, agglomerates with size ratio greater than about 7 could undergo macroscopic deformation when the surface energy between the primary particles is decreased below a critical value.
As the pH of the bulk water increased above 4.0 (specifically 4.0, 6.5, and 8.0), the liquid marbles remained stable for more than 12 h (at a relative humidity of ∼90%) without breakage or significant size shrinkage, which can be attributed to the reduced evaporation of the encapsulated water.
To account for the peculiar non-linear effects, a phenomenological theory has been proposed via multiplicative decomposition of the specific breakage into a size-dependent apparent breakage rate and a population density dependent functional.
It is confirmed that fragments of potassium sulphate crystals arise by breakage over the whole size range up to the seed size, and the generation rate by secondary nucleation is largely dependent on magma density and supersaturation.
The surface of the untreated SSB has shown the breakage from the mechanical size reduction.
The breakage rate and daughter size distribution models proposed by Laakkonen et al. (2007) are considered.
