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Nested genes are expressed in significantly fewer tissues (have narrower breadth of expression) than either including genes or control genes (table 2).
The p-mirsupps showed a slightly greater breadth of expression than the p-oncomirs (P = 0.26, Wilcoxon test) but this difference was not significant, and this failure to achieve significance may be due to the small sample size of both miRNAs and tissues.
Taken together these results suggest that the genes encoding the cDNA sequences we have identified exhibit considerably larger breadth of expression than would be suggested from the initial tissues that were sequenced.
The fact that the inferred expression patterns exhibit greater breadth of expression than the starting tissues is in line with the notion that genes tend to be expressed in complex spatial and temporal patterns.
The fact that codon usage is more strongly related to breadth of expression than to maximum expression level supports the notion, presented in a recent study, that codon choice may be related to the tRNA abundance in the tissue in which a gene is expressed.
For example, our retrogenes are expressed in significantly fewer tissues than their parental genes (4.8 vs. 5.6 tissues; WRS P < 0.05), but the retrogenes as a group are neither more tissue-specific (table 2) nor exhibit lower Shannon entropies (a measure of the breadth of expression) than their parental genes (data not shown).
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The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Codon usage characterizing lowly expressed genes is different from the codon usage characterizing the highly expressed genes, although this difference is more apparent when expression is measured by breadth of expression rather than by expression level.
We also find no evidence for a stronger similarity in the breadth of expression of the linked ligands and receptors than those on different chromosomes.
The reason for the breadth of expression being more tightly correlated with the rate of evolution than the abundance of expression in multicellular organisms is not entirely clear.
This test supported our hypothesis that the breadth of expression has a greater impact on the rate of evolution than the abundance.
The Sonata in A (Op. 69), from his heroic middle period, bracingly mixes Olympian breadth of expression and restless ingenuity.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com