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Both diet breadth measures received intermediate lambda estimates (0.48 for diet breadth index and 0.45 for number of genera), indicating that there was some effect of phylogeny.
As expected, we found that expression breadth measures were closer to EL measures with A definition, whereas the pE measure was positioned between I and A-EL (Figure 1-a).
Several niche breadth measures thus combine proportional resource utilization with proportional resource availability [ 22- 24].
While other niche breadth measures may also show some variation across different network scales (not shown), the weighted mean Kullback-Leibler distance < d'> is poorly affected by network size, network asymmetry, and number of interactions (Fig. 3).
Similarly, calculations of d' or other niche breadth measures are based on the implicit assumption that each species adjusts its interactions according to the availability of partners (niches), irrespective of morphological or behavioral constraints.
For the pes, most elements of tenuirostris are significantly longer than those of indicus, with the exception of the claws of digits 1 and 2, whereas pedal elements of indicus are proportionately more similar to those of tenuirostris in width and breadth measures.
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By 2013 it was well above its pre-crash peak.By contrast, the breadth measure continued to slide in 2013, and is now nearly 5% below its peak.
In the summer of 2007, market breadth (measured by the advance-decline line) peaked and began falling over four months before the major indexes, a classic bear market warning flag.
Morphologic modifications in the scapula can be expressed by a scapular index, a ratio of the breadth (measured along the base of the spine) to the length (measured from the superior from the inferior angle).
Among related species of fruit flies, a greater number of ovarioles is correlated with "niche breadth" measured as the number of different kinds of fruits used by ovipositing females [ 5- 7].
Despite the number and breadth of measures reported, this study reveals only two measures which conclusively possessed any psychometric property.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com