A state also is liable for breaches committed by its internal institutions, however they are defined by its domestic law; by entities and persons exercising governmental authority; and by persons acting under the direction or control of the state.
The FCA said the size of the penalty on Deutsche reflected "the seriousness and duration of the breaches committed by Deutsche" and because the bank had been involved in "repeatedly misleading us".
The assessment, conducted by a panel appointed by the Indian government and handed to the country's Ministry of Environment and Forests, investigated a catalogue of alleged breaches committed by Adani Group at the Mundra port.
In a landmark decision, Justice Peter Lane ruled that Houghton and Judge were personally liable to the workers for statutory and contractual breaches committed by the limited company of which they were officers, rather than the company alone being liable.
They are not triggered, as true consequential damages are, simply by a breach of contract, but only by a breach committed in bad faith.
The Obama administration declined to publicly concede that the breach was committed by Chinese intelligence services.
"This new provision sends a message that society will no longer tolerate the appalling breach of trust committed by one partner against the other in an intimate context," he continued.
For example, the report refers to "breaches" that Iran committed by hiding its activities from the agency's inspectors for many years, and falsifying past claims.
That it is requested of them to make known to the students that it is with great regret that some breaches of order, committed by the unworthy few who lurk among them unknown, render necessary the extension to all of processes afflicting to the feelings of those who are conscious of their own correctness, and who are above all participation in these vicious irregularities.
"From all the data we have at the moment, there is no breach of European rules committed by companies from Romania or on Romanian territory," Reuters quoted Mr. Ponta as saying.
