Loss of dfmr1 resulted in over-elaboration of the synaptic termini with a 48% increase in the number of boutons and 81% increase in the number of synaptic branches in comparison to WT, similar to the phenotypes observed in the mammalian nervous system of FMR1 mutants and Fragile X patients (Figure 1) [37], [38], [39], [39].
A likelihood ratio test (LRT) was used to compare various hypothesis models in which ω values are expected to differ among branches, in comparison to a null hypothesis in which all the branches have similar ω.
The trees were constructed using the PHYLIP [ 69] and the TREECON programs [ 70] and they were rooted using the chlamydiae species which is a deep branching group in comparison to ε-proteobacteria [ 41- 45] 45].
"What we've seen in these branches pales in comparison to the types of torture we've heard about in other branches," she said.
The size and location of Citigroup's retail branches pale in comparison to its big rivals, analyst said, putting the bank at a disadvantage because it cannot use customer deposits to finance loans.
Among them, the closely related copies MIB5 8) and MIB10 – and related Mamu-2B-gen5, Mamu-2B-gen8, Mafa-B-gen9, and Mamu-3C-gen-MIB4 – show a slower evolutionary rate: namely, a shorter branch length in comparison to others.
The accumulation of 3 additional nucleotide mutations in the 2004 Mexican human isolate is illustrated by longer branch lengths in comparison to the 2003 mosquito pool isolate NL-54, which suggests the continued microevolution of WNV in Mexico from year to year.
Branch models with p ≤ 0.004 (0.05/13) after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests were interpreted as having a significantly different ω on the "foreground" branches of interest in comparison to the "background" ω on all remaining branches of the tree.
However, in view of the fact that S. ruber branches very deeply in comparison to all other Bacteroidetes species (Figs. 1 and 2), it is also possible that their genes evolved in a common ancestor of the other Bacteroidetes species after the divergence of S. ruber.
