Two additional sites evolve under purifying or neutral selection on the background branches but under positive selection (ω2>1) on the branch under consideration (foreground).
The null hypothesis of absence of selection on individual branches was tested by comparing the maximum likelihoods from the m1 analysis to maximum likelihoods for models with free ω for all branches except that the ω of the branch under consideration was set to 1 (m2).
The constraint tree consists of the bifurcating reference tree and a polytomy comprising the query sequences attached to the reference tree branch under consideration.
Although alignment length and branch length were always the same for a particular branch i of a particular gene tree j, parameters of the distribution from which scaling factor is sampled varied, depending on if the branch under consideration was background or foreground and on the rate acceleration mode (m) on the foreground branch.
This property was established by Crump and Mode [ 28] for a binary splitting process, and can be extended to the branching process under consideration herein (see below).
In a letter made public on Tuesday, a judge designated by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. to express the views of the judicial branch warned that some changes under consideration would have a negative "operational impact" on a secret foreign intelligence court.
Combining the domestic and international branches of public diplomacy has been under consideration for years but never gained traction, in part because of a 1948 law prohibiting the U.S. government from propagandizing to Americans.
Recall that the continuous branches of the multi-valued functions under consideration are chosen in such a manner that lnθ = ln|θ| + ı arg θ with arg θ ∈ [0, 2π), J η 2 - 1 ≥ 0 Open image in new window, and more generally, z γ = | z | γ exp ( ı γ arg z ) Open image in new window with arg z ∈ [ 0, 2 π ) Open image in new window.
cladogram -- A diagram, resulting from a cladistic analysis, which depicts a hypothetical branching sequence of lineages leading to the taxa under consideration.
A senior administration official said that one plan under consideration would require nonessential executive-branch workers to surrender their government-issued BlackBerrys and other electronic devices on the way out the door.
