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A statistical approach was then used to detect functional divergence at individual codon sites within the pre-specified branches based on a procedure similar to that by Bielawski and Yang [59]: for each paralog the null hypothesis H0 was that of no variable selective pressure among branches and among sites (Fig. 4).
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis was performed using PhyML V.3.0 (63) with the Le-Gascuel (LG) evolution model, a gamma law with four categories and an estimated gamma distribution parameter, a Nearest Neighbor Interchange starting tree, and approximate likelihood ratio test for branches based on a Shimodaira–Hasegawa-like procedure.
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Su et al. [ 57] evaluated the impact of specifying alternative nucleotide substitution models on the predicted utility of nucleotide characters for resolving a four-taxon tree with even subtending branches, based on an analysis of five genes in 29 taxa of the yeast genus Candida and allied teleomorph genera.
In these initial tests, the operator decides when the pruning mechanism should turn back and goes again through the tree branch based on a visual inspection of the graphic of the circular saw's speed provided by the computer placed in the ground station.
A set of stable solution branches based on distinct initial guesses for a range of boil-up ratio were found in EG synthesis.
Interestingly, tree-length branches based on the mtDNA molecular clock suggest a transition from ritual gatherings that involve singing, dancing and story-telling to ritual fighting at 90,000 to 70,000 y before present (YBP), according to the dating based on the RSRS analysis (Fig. 2C).
During a search, the algorithm prunes branches based on both the distance matrix values and the triangle inequality.
Third, we estimate a conduction velocity of 13 m/s in myelinated branches based on previous recordings from mouse SAI afferents (Wellnitz et al., 2010).
Calls are automatically forwarded to the Muslim or Croat branches based on the prefix of the caller's mobile operator.
Synaptic networks grow as we learn, often sprouting entirely new branches, based on the way that chemical messengers called neurotransmitters pass between neurons.
LB Lifetime of branches, based on the underlying land-cover types lct ts) (yr).
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