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A generalized model for choice of the optimal size of the ACSR type of conductor for each feeder segment is presented as an optimization problem using an efficient method based on branch wise minimization technique.
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aBSREL found no evidence for branch-wise omega variation.
Each run provides posterior distributions of branch-wise rate estimates and probabilities of rate shifts.
As in [ 9] and [ 7], the branch-wise equilibrium frequencies were estimated along these universal phylogenetic trees.
For proteins, we used a new branch-wise non-homogeneous model implemented in the maximum-likelihood (ML) framework, named COaLA [ 12] that we recently designed.
It estimates branch-wise rates and ancestral characters simultaneously, in a way that best describes the phenotypes observed at the terminal nodes.
The GG model specifies branch-wise equilibrium G + C contents, as well as an independent G + C content at the root.
For example, the highest branch-wise (RS) rate estimated in this study, of 38 SSB, may turn out to be a significant underestimate of the fastest period of mitochondrial evolution within Pelargonium.
These authors showed that branch-wise non-homogeneous models, which account for the variation of composition in time but assume across-site homogeneity, may infer biased ancestral sequence compositions for sequences generated by a time-homogeneous process in which evolutionary rate and base compositions are correlated.
Various authors have used branch-wise non-homogeneous evolutionary models that better capture the variation of molecular compositions among lineages to accurately reconstruct the ancestral G + C contents of ribosomal RNAs and the ancestral amino acid composition of highly conserved proteins.
Given this, and wishing to minimize the number of inferred rate changes, we can very provisionally model these branch-wise rate increases with a minimum of two actual rate changes: an ~10-fold increase in RS (from 0.3 to 4 SSB) in the common ancestor of the Geraniaceae (L-M branch) and a further ~10-fold~10-folde (from 4 to 38) in the common ancestor of Pelargonium (N-U; Fig. 4).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com