Branching from the arch of the aorta are three large arteries named, in order of origin from the heart, the innominate, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian.
In reptiles coronary arteries branch from the systemic arch, but their position of origin varies.
The three main arteries branch from the aortic arch and give rise to further branches that supply oxygenated blood to the head, neck, upper limbs, and upper part of the body.
Macrovascular changes were determined by measurement of the plaque area and composition of two vessels branching from the aortic arch, i.e. the innominate- and left subclavian artery.
Calcification of the aorta was also assessed in the ascending and descending part and in the supra-aortic arteries branching from the aortic arch.
Oil Red O staining of aortas and the vessels branching from the aortic arch (the innominate, the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries) confirmed the formation of large, lipid-rich plaques at areas of disturbed blood flow in the innominate and subclavian arteries, and the lesser curvature of the aortic arch (Fig 1A).
Because the non-linear equilibrium path of a shallow arch has unstable branches, when the arch is subjected to a suddenly-applied load, it may lose its stability by dynamic snap-through owing to excessive oscillations reaching its unstable branch.
Traditional total arch replacement technology and artificial blood vessels are designed for patients with Stanford A aortic dissection who have 3 branches (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery) arising from the arch of the aorta.
Inner branches, as used in the arch branched device, could provide an extra option for visceral arteries "unsuitable" for fenestrations or directional side branches.
