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The delphinids was estimated to radiate in the Middle-Late Miocene and Pliocene, with branch events taking place within a narrow time frame (3-6 MYA).
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The question we are interested in is whether breakage of a region at a specific branch (event 1) co-occurs with a breakage of the same region in another branch (event 2) more frequently than one would expect by chance alone.
Note that trees such as these do not imply specific amounts of time per branch, nor do they indicate when particular branching events occurred; they merely indicate the historical order of branchings within lineages.
The GMYC method models speciation (among-species branching events) via a pure birth process and within-species branching events as neutral coalescent processes.
The purpose of this calibration was to see if, under the assumption of contemporary speciation at the root node, branching events after the root node predate or postdate respective branching event in the host tree.
Because of the numerous branching that occurs within most lineages, the number of formal taxonomic levels available is commonly less than the number of branching events.
The sequences could then be used to reconstruct not only the sequence of branching events of a phylogeny but also the time when the various events occurred.
Group titles are used below, but the same title may not depict equivalent phylogenetic branching events; thus, the titles do not reflect equivalent hierarchical positions.
In actuality, there have been hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of branching events along that lineage.
In an interesting sideline, Dagg suggests that borrowing processes may in some cases actually contribute to reconfigured designs and thus lead to branching events.
The only difference is the number of branching events that occurred within the lineages, whereas the relatedness of the lineages themselves is not affected by this.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com