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Furthermore, bats are also one of only a few groups of vertebrates to exhibit vocal learning [27], [28], a condition that might be a precursor to language, and the evolution of which has been linked to developmental and seasonal patterns of FoxP2 expression in the brains (area X) of some songbirds [9].
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The shapes represent brain areas (MFG, insula and a putative intermediate brain area).
Remedial reading programs can activate this brain area.
Surprisingly, no rTMS effects were observed for this brain area.
So, each brain area probably does not learn independently.
For example, prolonged stress can kill cells in the hippocampus, a brain area critical for memory.
"This is the brain area implicated in emotional regulation," Schwartz told me.
If dopamine encodes a teaching signal that guides behavior, then each brain area might improve its "behavior" in parallel to other brain areas.
Fearful thoughts: The amygdala, a brain area involved in fear, is shown here highlighted in red.
Brain area and lesion volume were analyzed using the program morphometric image analysis (MCID; Ontario, Canada).
But activity in the hippocampus, a brain area crucial in learning and memory, remained unchanged.
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