First, most data regarding mitochondrial dysfunction in organs susceptible to failure in critical care diseases (liver, kidney, heart, lung, intestine, brain) were collected using animal models.
Anatomical images of each subject's brain were collected using multiecho 3-dimensional (3-D) FLASH for mapping proton density, T1 and magnetization transfer (MT) at 1-mm resolution (Helms et al. 2009) at the end of the experiment.
Structural images covering the whole brain were collected using a T1-weighted three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled sequence (176 slices, TR = 1700 ms, TE = 3.93 ms, slice thickness = 1.0 mm, skip = 0 mm, flip angle = 15°, inversion time 1100 ms, field of view = 240*240 mm, in-plane resolution = 256*256).
Anatomical images of each subject's brain were collected using an in-house multiecho 3D fast angle low shot (FLASH) sequence for mapping proton density, T1, and magnetization transfer, from which T1 weighted images were generated (voxel size, 1 × 1 × 1.5 mm) [ 27].
Anatomical images of each subject's brain were collected using multi-echo 3D FLASH for mapping proton density, T1 and magnetization transfer (MT) at 1 mm resolution [Helms, et al. 2009; Weiskopf and Helms, 2008] and by T1 weighted inversion recovery prepared EPI (IR-EPI) sequences (matrix size: 64 × 64; 64 slices; spatial resolution: 3 × 3 × 3 mm).
Three hours after the final exposure in the 30th day, animals were anesthetized with diethyl ether, and their brains were collected using perfusion and fixation procedure with phosphate buffer saline and 4% paraformaldehyde solution.
Brain images were collected using a 3-Tesla Siemens Scanner.
Post mortem brain samples were collected using the RNAlater kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and immediately frozen at −80°C until RNA extraction.
High-resolution whole brain anatomic images were collected using 3-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) with the following parameters: repetition time (TR) = 9.4 ms, echo time (TE) = 4.6 ms, flip angle = 15, slice thickness = 1 mm, gap = 0, field of view (FOV) = 256 mm × 256 mm, matrix = 256 × 256, slices = 155.
Whole brain functional images were collected using a T2*-weighted EPI sequence, sensitive to BOLD contrast (TR = 2000 ms, TE = 35 ms, image matrix = 64 × 64, FOV = 224 mm, flip angle = 80°, slice thickness = 3.0 mm, distance factor = 17%, voxel size 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm × 3 mm, 30 axial slices).
Whole-brain functional images were collected using a T2*-weighted EPI sequence, sensitive to blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast (TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, image matrix = 64 × 64, FOV = 224 mm, flip angle = 90°, slice thickness = 3.0 mm, distance factor = 17%, voxel size 3.5 × 3.5 × 3 mm, 31 axial slices).
