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We also calculated sexual dimorphism in structure volume and brain weight using the formula: Log(male structure volume/female structure volume) [73] and analyses were repeated using sexual dimorphism in structure volume as the dependent variable.
To examine the patterns of morphological evolution, we calculated disparity through time plots [ 26] for all brain structures and brain weight, using the package GEIGER [ 52] in R following Harmon et al. [ 26].
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The present study compares volumes of the brain and cranial cavity in different dog breeds in relation to their body weight using the adjusted means.
Lift weights using the purchased weights.
Subsequently, we obtained body size corrected brain weight by using a phylogenetic size correction (PSC) that computes the residual, i.e. the deviation between the estimated value from a least squares regression and the data while controlling for phylogenetic non-independence [ 68].
In order to control for the allometric effect of body size on brain weight, we used phylogenetic principal component analyses (PPCA) [ 68].
Note the weight used and reps completed.
Brain weight comparisons between the double transgenic and the wild type were done using Student's t-test (Table S1).
At necropsy, the total body weight, brain weight and the weight of the isolated cerebellum were determined.
Briefly, the brains (n = 5-6) were quickly removed and weighed (brain weight), and the percentages of water content were calculated as [brain weight/bodyweight] × 100%.
Both wet and dry weights were recorded, and the water content was expressed using the following equation: %Brain water content=100 × (wet weight−dry weight)/wet weight.
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