We demonstrated that 90 brain regions were organized into 5 overlapping communities associated with several well-known brain systems, such as the auditory/language, visuospatial, emotion, decision-making, social, control of action, memory/learning, and visual systems.
Powerful tools are now available and several brain systems, such as the entorhinal hippocampal circuit, have been described in sufficient detail to enable a mechanistic analysis.
Although the resting-state in fOT fields with group-level analysis reveals the functional connectivity with inherent characteristic of the different brain systems such as the cognitive, sensorimotor, visual, auditory and language systems.
We evaluated alterations in energy landscapes following perturbation in network parameters, which revealed characteristics of the state dynamics in the subcortical brain system, such as maximal number of attractors, unequal temporal occupations, and readiness for reconfiguration of the system.
Chronic alcohol abuse and acute alcohol withdrawal states are associated with heightened activity in the brain stress systems, such as increased secretion of the stress hormones corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), norepinephrine, and cortisol in a number of the brain's stress and emotion centers, such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal regions (Koob and Kreek 2007).
"We would call for a revival of organized brain banks and systems such as donor cards," she said, "so that those who suffer now are encouraged to leave their brains to prevent suffering in the future".
Some hypotheses focus on constitutional defects in the brain's various neurotransmitter systems, such as the adrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems.
The genesis and propagation of Ca2+ waves were originally observed in brain-derived cell populations in culture and, more recently, this event has also been demonstrated in more integrated systems, such as brain slice preparations [ 4, 9] and living rat brain [ 10].
Complex biological systems such as brain circuits are extended 3-D structures made out of nanoscale building blocks such as proteins, RNAs, and lipids, which are often organized with nanoscale precision.
A fragment of intermedin (IMD), IMD17 47, has been shown to antagonize the hypotensive effects of intravenous IMD administration; however, the effects of IMD17 47 have not been studied in other systems such as brain and pituitary gland.
Since many organ systems such as brain or the reproductive system are still developing in pediatric populations, they may be prone to pharmacodynamic effects or toxicities not evident in studies in adults [ 37].
