Furthermore, BBB endothelium is very difficult if not impossible to isolate from embryonic animal or human brain, restricting capabilities to model BBB development in vitro.
Access to the brain is restricted by high water solubility and the requirement of active transport at the choroid plexus to enter the brain [ 27].
Agrp expression in the brain is restricted to neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and is elevated by states of negative energy balance.
Another likely candidate is transthyretin, whose synthesis in the brain is restricted to choroid plexus.
This suggests that sex-biased transcription throughout the adult brain is restricted to sex-linked genes.
Paracellular diffusion of water-soluble solutes and drugs, from blood to brain, is restricted by tight junctions [ 40].
The treatment of brain tumors, infectious diseases, and various neurological disorders is often unsuccessful because the entry of most clinically available drugs into the brain is restricted (1).
The vertebrate adult brain harbors restricted sites of constitutive neurogenesis, where neurons of high physiological impact are generated from adult neural stem cells (aNSCs).
A recent study by Mohammed et al. reported that the delivery of vemurafenib to the brain is restricted due to its direct transport by human ABCB1 and mouse Abcg2 at the blood brain barrier.
Experimental cEPOR transgene expression was not ubiquitous in all EPO responsive cells in the brain, but restricted to forebrain pyramidal neurons, suggesting that a natural balance of stimulatory and inhibitory circuits may have been perturbed.
In contrast, we found a 1.6-fold increase in Tbr2+/PH3+ cells in the IZ of 4D embryos, further confirming that the effect of 4D overexpression in the mouse brain is restricted to BPs.
