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More recently, microcircuits within these brain regions that regulate the expression of flight or freeze behaviors have been characterized18,19.
These results indicate that VLPOGAL neurons have projections that may allow them to influence many brain regions that regulate both sleep-wake behavior and Tb.
They found that ingestion of glucose reduced cerebral blood flow and activity in brain regions that regulate appetite, but fructose did not.
l-Theanine was associated with decreased fMRI responses to distractor stimuli in brain regions that regulate visual attention, suggesting that l-theanine may be decreasing neural resource allocation to process distractors, thus allowing to attend to targets more efficiently.
Given the rising incidence of obesity and type II diabetes, in which circulating levels of insulin are perpetually elevated and brain insulin transport and receptor sensitivity are decreased3,8,10,11, it is critical to understand the function of insulin in brain regions that regulate motivation and reward.
To determine whether VLPOGAL neurons influence brain regions that regulate sleep-wake behavior and Tb, we unilaterally microinjected the VLPO of GAL-IRES-cre mice (n = 8) with a Cre-dependent adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) coding for channelrhodospsin-2 (ChR2) and mCherry (AAV8-EF1α-DIO-ChR2-mCherry, hereafter 'AAV-ChR2' 26,27,28.
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To look for the cellular substrate of differences in vulnerability, we began by examining synaptic patterns in the hippocampus, a brain region that regulates anxiety as well as plasticity throughout life.
Another group of experts, including Dr. Sawka, say the heat tolerance test is based on an old, and incorrect, idea that heatstroke involves damage to the hypothalamus, a brain region that regulates body temperature.
When the researchers examined the brains of the mice, they found that those given CNTF had about six times more new cells in the hypothalamus, a brain region that regulates metabolism, than control animals.
In the new study, Antonio Damasio of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and colleagues examined moral reasoning in six people who had damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC), a brain region that regulates emotions.
Then in the 1990s, scientists tracked down the spindle's source: the thalamus, a brain region that regulates sleep and also processes and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
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