DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06356.002 The network of brain regions that encode both the affective and sensory aspects of the pain experience have been well described in the adult (Apkarian et al., 2005; Tracey and Mantyh, 2007).
While the network of brain regions that encode the affective and sensory aspects of adult pain are well described, the brain structures involved in infant nociceptive processing are less well known, meaning little can be inferred about the nature of the infant pain experience.
Although we are unaware of any neurobiological study of mate-choice copying, the above results along with the prevalence of the phenomenon across different taxa suggest the involvement of brain regions that encode social reward information and contribute to attention.
Brain regions that encode sensory and affective components of pain are active in infants, suggesting that the infant pain experience closely resembles that seen in adults.
This study provides the first demonstration that many of the brain regions that encode pain in adults are also active in full-term newborn infants within the first 7 days of life.
This neuroanatomical matrix encompasses brain regions that have been implicated functionally in the encoding of external emotional cues (STG, amygdala), representation of internal visceral information (insula cortex) and the contextual synthesis of emotional information for declarative awareness (anterior insula/operculum).
Parameter estimates for the gradient of the regression were used to rank brain regions that were active and exhibited significant intensity encoding.
Third, cortisol plays a key role in brain regions that are important for cognitive learning and memory retrieval, encoding, and consolidation.
The " sensory module" is composed of brain regions that receive (directly or via relay) ascending inputs originating from the airways and encodes either sensory discrimination (stimulus intensity and perception) or spatial discrimination (stimulus localization).
The insensitivity of MT+ to the speed-accuracy manipulation, particularly during the coherence trials, strongly implies that this brain region does not encode the observer's decision, consistent with neurophysiological studies indicating that MT+ neurons supply sensory evidence to other brain regions that accumulate the evidence towards a decision threshold [20], [43].
