The resistance toward increased pathological burden especially observed in highly educated subjects might be a sign of increased brain plasticity as well as greater cognitive reserve [ 1].
Finally, we consider recent advances that are promising to provide an integrative and systems perspective of human brain plasticity as well as underscore the pitfalls and challenges.
Adult neurogenesis is a particular example of brain plasticity as it involves the integration of entire cells [ 11, 12].
These results are discussed in terms of brain plasticity as they influence the design of learning methods for using sensory substitution devices, with the aim to compensate visual impairments.
The significantly improved cognitive changes corresponded with increased regional brain plasticity as measured by blood flow increases at rest in specific brain behavior patterns.
Neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin (which regulate different forms of brain plasticity, as explained previously) can reversibly control mitochondrial motility and distribution.
Neuropoietic cytokines display multiple functions in the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS), including the developing and adult brain, synaptic plasticity as well as the brain's response to injury and disease.
This finding opens new methodological and theoretical windows to explore the impact of domain-specific expertise on brain plasticity, while highlighting variability as a fruitful measure in neuroimaging research.
While children possess a greater capacity for brain plasticity in response to an assault such as NPSLE [ 31], there remains the potential for the disease not only to disrupt existing neuronal networks, as demonstrated in this study, but also to alter the development of emerging brain networks.
Interestingly, greater brain plasticity in females as compared to male guppies has been postulated based on predator avoidance, kin-recognition, and mate choice differences in the wild [ 38, 42, 64, 65].
