We found that FMRP is widely expressed throughout the brain, including the hippocampus and neocortex during the first few weeks after birth (Fig. 1A C), with an apparent decrease in levels between P14 and P30.
These two areas contribute to the development of numerous brain structures, including the neocortex, striatum, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb for the former and nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum and globus pallidus for the latter [36], [37].
Neuropathological examination showed lesions which, similar to children, involve five brain structures including the neocortex, the hippocampus, the corpus callosum, the brainstem and the cerebellum.
5 This has been shown in multiple brain areas including the neocortex, 2, 4, 6, 51, 67 hippocampus, 8, 68, 69 spinal cord, 70 hypothalamic neurons, 71 and other structures.
In addition to these basophilic inclusions, FUS immunohistochemistry of BIBD brain tissue reveals FUS-positive NCIs in a wide anatomic distribution including the neocortex and hippocampus.
31, 32 The CaSR RNA transcript has been detected in many subdivisions of the brain, including hippocampus, neocortex, and hypothalamus.
Similar inclusion pathology has been reported in patients' brain, including neocortex, as well as in limbic and subcortical nuclei.
As the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, the amino acid glutamate mediates synaptic output from the majority of projection neurons in the brain, including pyramidal cells of the neocortex and hippocampus.
Anatomical specializations of the human brain include an enlarged neocortex and prefrontal cortex (Semendeferi et al. in Am J Phys Anthropol 114:2001241, 2001), but regional enlargements alone cannot account for these vast functional differences.
The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for PKMζ is found in various brain areas, including the hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, thalamic nuclei, and cerebellar cortex and localizes to spiny dendrites of neurons [ 6].
