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If present, such confounding may result in increased brain function differences between patients and controls, and also between schizophrenia and bipolar patients, as the latter are less likely to require long-term antipsychotic treatment.
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In additional to this logical fallacy, Fine points out that observed physiological differences between male and female brains do not necessarily result in differences in brain function: some differences offset each other, and others are different means to the same behavioral end.
76, 80 Typically, cerebral blood flow and connectivity have been found to be higher in women in the parietal association cortices and higher for men in the visual and motor cortices, 81, 82 providing evidence for brain function and behavior differences between the sexes.
Collectively, the differences in brain function between the former NFL players and their healthy comparison group suggest that long before concussion-related dementia is evident, the brain begins to work differently to keep up.
In other words, significant differences in brain function between ASD and control groups could depend on whether the majority of controls fall at the higher or lower end of the typical autism spectrum range.
Consequently, differences in brain function between the high-risk twin and the low-risk co-twin from discordant pairs reflect environmental effects on the brain, rather than effects of genetic variation, although these environmental stressors may ultimately act through modification of gene expression (Heijmans et al., 2009).
(Pat.foc2) "That's obvious, there is a difference in the way the brain functions; cognitive differences".
And while the researchers say they are able to pinpoint individual differences in our brain function, what those differences mean is murky.
As a word of caution, the possibility that there was a pre-existing difference in brain function between the monks and the novices in the study can't be ruled out.
Hence, it is unknown if the difference we found in brain function between autistic individual and controls, and/or their differential modulation by tryptophan depletion, are primary or secondary to differences in brain maturation or (most likely) a complicated mixture of both.
In terms of brain function, the overlap between the sexes is greater than any average difference between them.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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