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In adult CSF secretion is driven by the apically located Na+ K+ ATPase and carbonic anhydrase II, which are both up-regulated during perinatal brain development in rat (Johansson et al. 2008a).
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THE LEARNING BRAIN Memory and Brain Development in Children.
"They are different in hormonal development, in brain development, in physiological development and in social development," they say.
Volumes of the different CSF fluid compartments measured during pre- and postnatal development in rat indicate not only a decrease in CSF-to-brain volume ratio, but also a geographical redistribution of the fluid especially around birth in rat.
The transthyretin gene is highly expressed throughout development in rat choroid plexus ([ 52] and data not shown), and this thyroxin carrier was shown to be important and necessary for various aspects of normal brain development [ 53].
Aura is likely to trigger a migraine attack (+0.25) Clinically, the headache in migraine is contralateral to aura in 92% [58] Experimentally, CSD activates trigeminal afferents and evokes a series of cortical meningeal and brain stem events consistent with headache development in rats [44].
Recently, the investigation on effects of prenatal and postnatal lead exposure on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the different stages of rat brain development has indicated increased MAO activity in most of the brain regions especially at early developmental stages (2 weeks of age) and the toxicity was gradually decreased with the development of rats.
Brain development occurs rapidly in the first months of life.
Chronic paraoxon exposure (0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously) during a stage of rapid cholinergic brain development from PND8 to PND20 in male Wistar rats led to reduced dendritic spine density in the hippocampus without obvious toxic cholinergic signs in any of the animals (Santos et al. 2004).
Gestational exposure of rats to nicotine produces long-lasting alterations in brain development.
Prenatal stress may permanently alter brain development, which may manifest in altered nest building behaviour and behavioural simplification when a prenatally stressed rat matures and becomes pregnant [ 22].
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