"There are virtually no situations where brain damage makes things better," says Anjan Chatterjee, a neurologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, who is working on a book about art and the brain.
People whose brain damage makes it hard to integrate reason with emotion make poor decisions, if they can make them at all.
For months, the resulting brain damage made James lose hold of things, words and objects both; he still has foggy days, and he wears watch caps everywhere as psychic protection.
"To know that these intelligent, sensitive animals are mocked, poisoned and even intentionally brain damaged makes me full of shame". The BUAV's campaign aims to highlight ethical concerns about the use of primates.
That means, the team suggests, that one all-night "rave" might be enough to induce permanent brain damage and make a person more vulnerable to Parkinson's disease, which is caused by a loss of dopamine-producing neurons.
The second one left her with aphasia, a form of brain damage that makes it hard for her to understand numbers.
She learned that even low levels of lead can cause brain damage that makes children less intelligent and, in some cases, more impulsive and aggressive.
The thoroughness of her hippocampal damage makes Johnson an eerily ideal subject for scientists who are mapping the murky pathways of the brain.
In 12 minutes, because of lack of oxygen and subsequent brain damage, he made only 37 breaths while four constables and a sergeant stood nearby.
A neurological report carried out soon afterwards found no definite evidence of brain damage: "LSD made him quite aggressive, which he realises," it said.
