Tissues used for the study included heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, brain, crop, pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, bursa, breast muscle and skin.
In the sentinel bird, only skin with feathers had positive test results (Ct 28.77), but brain, crop, gizzard, and intestine had high Ct (>36.0); all other organs remained negative for ABV RNA.
From dead birds (n = 50), we collected tissue samples from brain, eye, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, adrenal gland, and heart.
*–, negative; ABV, avian bornavirus; Br, brain; Cr, crop; CRAS, Centro de Rehabilitação de Animais Silvestres; PDD, proventricular dilatation disease; Pr, proventriculus; NA, not available; ND, not done.
The intracranial mask image was employed to automatically crop brain tissues from non-brain tissues in all images.
Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to test all available organ samples from crop, brain, and proventriculus or crop biopsy samples.
By evaluating hematoxylin and eosin stained sections from the crop, brain, and proventriculus of 50 birds and crop biopsy specimens from 30 birds, we determined that 11 (14%) birds had mononuclear infiltrates in the ganglia of the proventriculus or crop, which were diagnosed as suspected PDD.
Voted by Time Out readers four years ago "the biggest eyesore in London", this architectural grotesquery from 1965 has so wormed into my brain that it cropped up in my last novel: "decked with a giant plaster elephant like a dipso hallucination, a shopping centre of such suicidally depressing design that it was a wonder you didn't dodge customers plunging off the roof on a daily basis".
On the other hand, Dichaete preferential and unique targets are upregulated in a wider range of tissues, including the brain, head, larval CNS, crop, eye, hindgut and thoracicoabdominal ganglion.
Using published gene expression data [ 27], we compared microarray signals observed with adult testis-derived RNA to the signals obtained with RNA from a variety of somatic sources including accessory glands, brain, head, thoracicoabdominal ganglion, crop, midgut, hindgut, malpigian tubules of adults and larvae, ovary, salivary glands, and carcass.
Subtle -- and not-so-subtle -- ideological agendas can also be discerned in the current brain research, as a new crop of baby experts use neuroscience to argue that children's personalities and abilities are either determined before they're out of diapers or remarkably malleable.
