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d Bracket removal plier (BRP).
Four different methods of bracket removal were used (Fig. 1).
Four different methods of bracket removal were used: lift-off debonding instrument (LODI), straight cutter plier (SC), how plier (HP), and bracket removal plier (BRP).
The last method tested was a bracket removal plier (BRP), as shown in Fig. 1d.
The amount of composite remaining on the enamel surface was examined immediately after bracket removal.
How plier and bracket removal plier generated intermediate and similar levels of patient discomfort.
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stainless steel wire can be placed in the bracket slot after removal of the base arch wire.
Many researchers have evaluated a variety of techniques for bracket debonding, resin removal, and subsequent enamel surface polishing [1, 2, 5 7].
Regardless of the composite used, some grooves are present in teeth after bracket debonding and resin removal [29].
Van Gastel et al. [ 21], in their study, have examined periodontal parameters at the beginning of orthodontic treatment at and 3 month after the removal of brackets and reported that GCF volume increased at the removal of the brackets compared with baseline and that this volume is still higher than baseline 3 months later.
In orthodontics, indirect bonding technique offers numerous advantages over direct bonding [1], such as chair time saving, a more precise bracket placement [2] [4] and removal of flash to the bracket bases [5],[6] which can promote plaque and calculus formation [7].
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