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The chisel was positioned parallel to the vestibular surface of the tooth and bracket interface to allow force transmission in the occlusal-gingival direction.
In demineralised enamel, microleakage occurred mainly at the enamel-adhesive than the adhesive bracket interface, proposing a greater risk of enamel demineralisation upon occurrence of microleakage.
Space closure may be more dependent on the second order wire-to bracket interface than on the first order, where design differences between brackets are apparent.
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A mounting jig was used to align the tooth-bracket interface parallel to the testing device.
The frictional test of each archwire-bracket interface was carried out using a universal testing machine (Model 5848 Micro Tester, Instron Corporation, Norwood, MA, USA).
Corrosion and its effect of increasing surface roughness have the potential to increase frictional force at the wire-bracket interface [11].
Group 4 (demineralised/SEP) also revealed significantly more microleakage than group 3 (demineralised/NaOCl) at the adhesive-bracket interface of the gingival side (P < 0.005; Table 1).
When the adhesive-bracket interface was considered, group 4 (demineralised/SEP) displayed significantly higher microleakage values than did groups 2 (demineralised/control) and 5 (demineralised/NaF) along both occlusal and gingival margins (P < 0.005; Table 1).
In this study, preparation of hypomineralised enamel with Transbond Plus self-etching primer caused significantly higher microleakage at the adhesive-bracket interface than when the conventional acid-etching or NaF treatment were used.
The authors also found that Aegis Ortho had lower flexural strength, which would explain for the material failure at the adhesive-bracket interface rather than the enamel adhesive interface [54].
However, in the above mentioned studies [22, 23], the statistical difference between the microleakage scores of self-etching and conventional acid etching was noted at the enamel-adhesive rather than the adhesive-bracket interface.
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