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The optimum number of shell segments is found, which minimizes the cost function and fulfils the design constraints.
Hutchinson, J.W., " Initial Post-Buckling Behavior of Toroidal Shell Segments". Int.
The thickness of each shell segment is calculated from the shell buckling constraint.
Fourier series and polynomials are applied to expand the displacements and rotations of each shell segment.
The toroidal shell segments consist of two types convex shell and concave shell which are reinforced by ring and stringer stiffeners system.
The dimensions of ring-stiffeners for each shell segment are determined on the basis of the ring buckling constraint.
Liner beads allow for the liner segment to be uniquely identified and the shell to be uniquely identified from points automatically assigned to the backshell by the software, after the user has defined the general shape of the shell within the program thus employing a markerless shell segment that does not require the inclusion of tantalum beads.
It should be noted that all shells have some type of coating, so perhaps using the shell-only method to define the shell segment in the UmRSA system is not ideal due to the inability of the program to determine the solid edge of the shells.
The liner beads also allow measurement of cup rotation of the shell + liner segment, which is not possible when using the shell segment alone.
The addition of a second patient group with a different porous coating on the shells could provide more information about the program's ability to identify the shell segment using edge detection.
Slides with mounted shells were secured to the cutting arm of a low speed diamond saw (TechCut 4, cooled with proprietary cutting fluid) and the shell segment was cut longitudinally, transecting the most posterior edge.
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