Lochman, JE, and Dodge, KA. "Distorted perceptions in dyadic interactions of aggressive and nonaggressive boys: effects of prior expectations, context, and boys' age". Development and Psychopathology 10, no. 3 (January 1998): 495-512.
This association was more pronounced among boys (small effect) than among girls (very small effect) but was significant for both genders.
No pathways from health behaviours to educational level in adulthood were observed in girls or younger boys, their effect operating through school career.
In contrast, in boys the effect of body dissatisfaction on later eating disorder outcomes was seen mainly in interaction with BMI.
In boys no effect of PFOA exposure on T4 was observed, except for the second quartile of exposure, which had a significantly lower T4 level than the reference group (-20.3 nmol/L, 95% CI: -37.29 to -3.24).
These inverse associations were suggestively stronger in girls than in boys [prenatal effect measure modification (EMM) p-value = 0.30, early-childhood EMM p-value = 0.05], but sex-specific associations were imprecise.
For boys the effect was similar in the early and delayed DTP groups; for girls the pattern could only be assessed for the early DTP group as there were too few deaths in the delayed DTP group.
Further exploration revealed that in more temperamentally reactive girls, greater father involvement predicted higher prosocial scores at age 6/4 years, and lower levels of father involvement predicted lower prosocial scores, whereas in boys the effect tended to be in the opposite direction.
By many accounts, including his own, the former president was deeply pained by journalists' and political analysts' suggestions that when he shared a stage with the governor in New Hampshire just a few days before the state's primary and referred to him as "this boy," the effect on his son's campaign was negative.
