The lower eudicots appear to be a particularly active period for MADS box gene duplication (reviewed [ 23, 59]), leading to the suggestion that at least one genome duplication occurred during this period [ 60].
For quite some time, Apple blocked third-party apps that challenged those that came on the handset out of the box, citing "duplication of functionality".
Although this research suggests there are alternative ways in which class B proteins regulate the genes encoding them and are associated with novel morphologies, it is still far from clear how MADS-box gene duplication and transcriptional divergence is associated with developmental flexibility and the evolutionary diversification of floral morphology.
Further, MADS-box gene duplications were mapped on segmental duplications database of TIGR with 100 kb as well as 500 kb distance allowed between collinear genes [ 66].
For example, it has been proposed that in the early evolution of orchids, two rounds of DEFICENS-like MADS-box gene duplications generated the genes that were probably recruited to distinguish the different types of orchid perianth organs [ 25].
The mechanism we have discovered in Oncopeltus can, in principle, account for this type of axis duplication (Box 1).
Here, a subset of Atlantic cod and Greenland cod specimens contains three copies of the Box-motif due to a duplication of Box-motif I. T-P spacer heteroplasmy was only noted in genera with duplicated Box-motifs (Merluccius, Gadiculus and Arctogadus).
For the internal modules, both ML and Bayesian analyses group the third A domain (D.3) of NPS2 Type V and the second A domain of the NPS1/SidC lineage together (yellow boxes), supporting a duplication at node 3 inferred by the reconciliation analysis (Fig. 3, see Additional files 3 and 6).
Frames of video, whipping by at 24 to 30 per second, have lots of duplication (see box).
Frames of video, whipping by at 24 to 30 per second, have lots of duplication (see box, p. 68).
