Moreover, throughout this paper we denote by bounded linear operators,,, bounded linear maps that represent the control action, and a map such that is continuous for each.
The substrate analog-bound structures that represent the biologically relevant complexes of proofreading domains invariably occupy the deepest available pocket having a striking surface complementarity.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound dynamic organelles that represent the final destination for endocytic, secretory and autophagic pathways [1].
By overlaying the L16 solution structure onto the coordinates of the ribosome crystal structure, we constructed the combined model that represents the ribosome-bound state of L16 in the detailed structure.
Over-represented functional categories are identified by calculation of a conservative adjustment to the one-tailed Fisher's exact probability that represents the upper bound of the distribution.
We applied environmental constraints as bounds on individual fluxes (e.g., flux capacities, thermodynamics), defining the smaller solution space that represents the allowable phenotypes for the model.
To understand if soil carbon acts as a sink or source in the global carbon cycle it is not only important to make reliable estimates, but also determine upper and lower prediction bounds through uncertainty analysis that represent best and worst case conditions.
where x i is the node's activity, μ i the natural decay rate of activity, τ i the time lag of feedback inhibition, τ e the delay of feedforward excitation and both F i ( x ) and G i ( x ) are bounded monotonically increasing functions that represent inhibitory and excitatory synaptic activation, respectively.
Various nonlinearities and bounded uncertainties are then lumped into two bounded functions to represent the system equation into a formal form for the design of the MSSC so that the mismatched uncertainties can be properly compensated.
Complexes with substrate and enzyme may be 'pre-Michaelis' complexes that represent enzyme-bound species that precede the formation of the true Michaelis complex, or may be catalytically irrelevant species that are actively misleading.
