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The upper and lower bounds of strength are related, respectively, to interfacial adhesion sufficient (A = 1) and insufficient (A = 0) for stress transmission between constituents.
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The ideal shear strength is the minimum stress needed to plastically deform a defect free crystal; it is of engineering interest since it sets the upper bound of the strength of a real crystal and connects to the nucleation of dislocations.
By deriving lower bounds of the penalty strength and constructing discrete energy estimates we prove time stability.
Utilizing this information in an equivalent box model and assuming either 'perfect' or 'zero' interfacial adhesion, the upper and lower bounds of the yield strength can be calculated.
Constitutive models and bounds of drained shear strengths were evaluated and proposed for intact clay shale, bedding planes, and discontinuities.
They were technically solid but the entire number felt more like athletics or feats of strength as they bounded across the stage.
The amount of shear wall area as a percentage of the floor plan area is derived by an upper-bound calculation of the total design base shear and a lower-bound calculation of shear strength of shear walls containing minimum steel percentage.
This general class of control, consisting of bounded-strength unitary sequences, includes familiar composite-pulse sequences in NMR and DCGs in quantum information.
The distribution between the free and cellulose-bound inhibitory strength of IOS is shown in Figure 7A.
The results are presented in the form of stability charts relating, for a given reinforcement inclination, the estimated lower-bound of the required strength reinforcement to the friction angle of joints.
Meanwhile, as the most common specification for concrete engineering design in Taiwan, ACI 318 (2011) sets an upper bound of the yield strength of reinforcing steel bars to 420 MPa.
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