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The rapidly decreasing width below 1.7 μm was attributed to the reduced influence of boundary transition.
Significant contrasts in environmental and climatic fluctuations mark the Saalian/Eemian boundary (transition from MIS 6 to MIS 5e).
A similar observation of boundary transition by EDS mapping for CuO nanowires has been reported by Cheng et al. [13].
This high extensional stress results from the rearrangement of the flow at the boundary transition between the wall exit and the free surface.
To solve the issue, we let the even packet be equal to the odd packet, which yields a smooth boundary transition (illustrated by the black line in Figure 10).
For the first four spectra, the asymmetric broad peak at 438 cm−1 should be attributed with a boundary transition between ZnO1−x and ZnO phases and with a near peak of Eg mode of TiO2 originated from the substrate.
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Advances in understanding possible grain boundary transitions in single- and binary-component materials have been made with energetics modelled with the phase-field model due to Kobayashi, Warren and Carter.
The computational predictions indicate that the bicrystal, with a Σ3 boundary, transitioned from IG to TG fracture, with large dislocation density generation and plastic deformation on the TG fracture planes.
Plots differed with respect to area covered by ploughed land (6 93, mean 47%) and woodland (1 90, mean 41%), while the area of boundary transitions, pastures and semi-natural land was low to moderate in all plots (2 22, mean 12%).
Interestingly, while the latter method (packet copying) yields more visually and acoustically pleasing boundary transitions, the former method (zeroing even packet and scaling odd packet) actually results in a smaller overall MSE, i.e., -38.8 versus -38.3 dB, respectively, for the case of 1% packet losses.
Each arc 〈a,b〉∈E has a fixed weight w a,b ≥0, between neighboring pixels, which is ideally designed to have lower values in the boundary transitions of the object of interest (e.g., w a,b =K−|I(a)−I(b)|, where K is the greatest difference in image brightness for a single-channel image with values given by I(a)).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com