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A lower and an upper boundary represent the range of each interval.
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The GSSP for this boundary represented the first decision on a boundary stratotype under the International Commission on Stratigraphy and played an important role in formalizing the ratification process.
The control is applied at one boundary as a heat flux and the second moving boundary represents the liquid solid interface whose position is the controlled variable.
Such a model may be used to describe the spreading of a new or invasive species, with the free boundary representing the expanding front.
Such a model can be used to describe the spreading of a new or invasive species, with the free boundary representing the expanding front.
Disk representations contained within a square boundary, representing the outer photodetector PMTs, also colored by charge of time data and scaled by charge data.
The 3D space enclosed by this boundary represents the space that encloses the true location of the utility line at a particular probability.
This boundary represents the subsurface fault plane, indicating that the Hijima fault is near-vertical in orientation to at least a depth of 1.4 km, possibly deeper.
In the electron spectrogram (Figure 4b), this boundary represents the point where the maximum energy flux for the three energy steps around 100 eV first exceeded 1 × 108 eV cm−2 s−1 sr−1 eV−1 (yellow color) for two consecutive seconds.
This boundary represents the minimum number of frames needed to be injected over the wireless network in order to get a reliable location estimator at each time. is computed based on the CI of the location estimator.
In this system, is open, bounded, and with smooth boundary; ; represents the temperature in at the time ; is a physical constant, are the internal energy and the heat flux relaxation, respectively.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com