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The lobed leaves might result from the function of the meristems located at the boundary of the leaf.
Arabidopsis YAB genes, which are expressed in abaxial domains of leaves, promote stem cell activity in the meristem through the activity of LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS), which is expressed at the boundary of the leaf organ primordium and SAM central zone [ 78, 79].
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On the other hand, it has previously been shown that leaf vibrations are transmitted through the air beyond the boundary layer of the leaf and that air particle displacement triggered by leaf vibrations has the same temporal pattern as substrate vibrations [35].
In this sense, cavities are defined as missing leaf area (holes) within the leaf lamina and do not account for herbivory starting at the edge of the leaf, which is computationally more difficult to quantify as it would require retrospective calculation of where the leaf boundary was previously.
The formation of both the leaf-meristem boundary and the leaf abaxial-adaxial boundary involve the specific and dynamic reorientation of auxin transport paths and hence auxin distribution patterns [ 14].
CUC3 for example, marks the adaxial boundary of developing leaf primordia, where secondary meristems will form [ 12].
P. serrulata possesses the most wettable leaf surface due to the small corrugation and raised boundary of the microstructures, while H. monogynum leaf shows the largest contact angle as it exhibits corrugated microstructures with smaller pitch value and larger height compared with that of Aloe vera.
It is possible that the algorithm for detecting leaf serrations could be extended to differentiate between boundary wounding or grazing herbivore damage (that typically extends from the boundary edge into the leaf) and actual serrations.
They occur on different surfaces of almost all angiosperms and may alter the boundary layer above the leaf surface, contribute to light piping, protect against temperature stress, reduce water loss in transpiration or serve as the absorbing surface in roots.
Our measure of the relevance of expanding a given leaf provably approximates a measure of the impact of expanding the leaf on expected payoff, including the impact of the outcome of the leaf expansion on later expansion decisions.
Beautiful green dress of the leaf".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com