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Counter-intuitively, forcing the boundary layer of air passing over the surface of a ball in flight to flip from smooth, laminar flow to turbulent flow improves the ball's aerodynamics no end.
The nonradiative transitions within the sample heat up the boundary layer of air in contact with the sample.
When thrown with little or no spin, a baseball bobs about in seemingly random ways as the seam intermittently breaks the boundary layer of air around the ball in flight, altering the aeromechanics and causing a deflection to its trajectory.
But Haley found evidence that the chemical fallout traveled hundreds of miles atop a protective boundary layer of air before dispersing and descending on the troops at lower concentrations.
In addition, the boundary layer of air adjacent to the skin will be thinner and the mass-transfer resistance will be reduced.
Similar(55)
Rather, trees in northern regions have probably evolved to clump their leaves together and trap a boundary layer of still air.
The efficiency of air jet protection depends on the air stream range, conditions of heat exchange on the surface, and changes in the moisture content in the boundary layer of the air stream.
The species that discharged their spores over distances ≥0.5 mm liberate them directly into the airstream, thereby increasing their probability of escaping the boundary layer of sluggish air within which the spores develop.
By reducing air flow over the cornea, eyelashes create a boundary layer of slow-moving air.
Special features of the experimental arrangement used included the relative thinness of the boundary layer of the separating air stream and the distributed nature of the gaseous fuel injection into the recirculation zone.
On the other hand, it has previously been shown that leaf vibrations are transmitted through the air beyond the boundary layer of the leaf and that air particle displacement triggered by leaf vibrations has the same temporal pattern as substrate vibrations [35].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com