The PMRS method is designed to employ currently available satellite remote sensing parameters as many as possible, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine mode fraction (FMF), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and atmospheric relative humidity (RH), and thus be capable of deriving PM2.5 from instantaneous remote sensing measurements under different pollution levels.
Rather than using a horizontal dispersion coefficient, the dispersion was calculated from the friction velocity, height and boundary layer height following Kantha and Clayson (2000), where there are different equations for stable/neutral and unstable layers for both the surface and boundary layer.
The optimal predictors for M5n were rainfall in D1 (RD1), atmospheric temperature at 1400 mm (tk), geographical height (hgt), sea level pressure (slp), ground heat flux (grdflx), surface pressure (psfc), planetary boundary layer height (pblh), and humidity at 2 m (q2).
Meteorological data requirements include temperature (°C), wind speed (m/s), wind direction, precipitation (mm), cloud cover (oktas), relative humidity, boundary layer height (m), and surface sensible heat flux (W/m).
The size distribution of HOA shows a distinct ultrafine mode that is commonly observed for primary particles from fresh combustion emissions [ 12, 76, 97] most prominently during morning rush hours and at night when boundary layer height is low and atmospheric dilution of the primary emissions is weak.
As pointed out by Kumar, the relationship between ground-level PM2.5 and AOD is complex, with dependence on the scattering properties of the local aerosol (a function of aerosol type and atmospheric conditions) and their vertical distribution (a function of boundary layer height, transport, production, and loss).
The low level of dilution in surface ozone in eclipse period may be attributed with change in local atmospheric boundary layer dynamic conditions or limited air pollutants dispersion, in term of decreases in planetary boundary layer height, wind speed and hence ventilation coefficient in the same eclipse hours.
This has several problems: Failing to account for other factors, including boundary layer height, atmospheric pressure, and surface characteristics, can bias PM2.5 prediction.
The recycling technique is utilized to control the mean-velocity profile and boundary layer height.
This increase in wind speed was associated with a downward transport of momentum due to the development of the planetary boundary layer height (e.g., Stull 2006) and enhancement of regional circulation that is accompanied by latent heating and convective activity.
