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Based on the underlying deformation and grain boundary fracture, we propose a model for material failure underlying HTHA.
Dimpled grain boundary fracture occurs in creep tests, stress relief cracking and hydrogen attack of steels.
The results show that the influence of decreased grain size at high-speed forming not only enhances material strength but also increases the probability of grain boundary fracture that could impair the formability.
This paper describes the development, validation and application of a fully coupled dynamic boundary fracture model for predicting ductile fracture behaviour in CO2 pipelines.
The largest stress and strain gradients are observed at grain boundaries, enforcing the idea that grain boundary fracture is indeed the irreversible mechanism underlying ratchet growth.
It is found that the interfacial fracture energy between SiC and alumina is more than twice the alumina grain boundary fracture energy, i.e. SiC nanoparticles strengthen grain boundaries.
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Table 1 lists all possible redundancies in the presence of a pair of boundary fractures.
The micro fractures are mainly interlayer fractures, grain boundary fractures and organic matter contraction fractures.
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Sketch of two boundary fractures in a two-cell partition study region.
Moreover, the pore size calculated from gas slip parameters was reduced at higher stress levels, which indicated grain boundary fractures closures.
This is because a denser cell partitioning introduces additional boundary fractures, yielding a substantially greater number of redundant analyses in algorithm 1.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com