The boundary of surgical resection was decided according to the nature of the tumor.
More extensive resection may be required when the tumour is located in a non-eloquent region and in these cases the boundaries of the glioma resection should be based on a lower Cho/NAA ratio.
In all cases, at the end of resection neuronavigational record of surgical boundaries was carried out.
In the presented case, a surgical marking clip, placed in the upper boundary of the surgical resection of the upper pulmonary lobe, caused subtotal stenosis of the RSA.
Advanced pre- and intraoperative imaging may help in better delineating the boundaries between functional and non-functional (lesional) tissue, thus further minimizing the impact of resection on memory outcome.
In order to compare 5-ALA fluorescence and neuronavigation data with regard to identification of surgical boundaries, pre- and postoperative GdT1 MRI images, and intraoperative neuronavigation data at the end of resection, were finally compared by an expert neuroradiologist.
Therefore, a multi-modal approach has been under investigation for the past 40-plus years [ 60] with the aim of increasing the local-regional tumor control by an increase in the proportion of radical tumor resections where the boundaries of the tumor can be defined.
This so-called "fields" are not limited to the boundaries of the malignancy but extend into surgical resection margins and increase the risk of local relapse or a second primary tumor.
The perineural foci involve the margins of resection.
All patients underwent standard treatment, comprised of resection followed by radiotherapy plus concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy.
