Using computational methods to distinguish individual unliganded HA trimers from those that have bound C179 antibody, we demonstrate that ∼75% of HA trimers on the surface of the virus have C179 bound to the stem domain.
One reason for the inverse relationship between morphology and form-meaning compositionality is that inflections such as affixes are, by definition, phonologically bound to the stem, which increases opportunities for phonological compression and sound change to disrupt regular mappings between form and meaning.
Specifically, we have shown that siRNA mediated inactivation of MBNL1, which binds to the stem of the CUG hairpin, results in increased dispersion of nuclear foci in DM1 cells [46].
This RNA can be visualized by expressing the YFP-MS2 binding protein, which binds to the stem loop structure of the MS2 translational operator as a dimer (Fig. 1A). 3 hours after activation, YFP-MS2 accumulates at the transcription site in 88.3±1.8% of cells (Fig. 1B, panel k; Fig. 1C; Table S1).
It has been reported that TLS preferentially bind to the stem loop structure [ 7, 14].
Evidence from NMR study has shown that it binds to the stem loop region in H7 HA and stabilizes the neutral pH conformation.
Some of these antibodies bind the HA stem region of H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, H12, H13, H16 influenza A viruses and others bind to the stem region of most of group H3, H4, H7, H10, H14, H15 influenza A viruses.
We found that Sox2 was bound to the gene promoters of three established stem cell markers in solid tumors, including CD133 (PROM1), Lgr5 (GPR49), and Bmi-1 (BMI1).
Regarding the functional importance of Sox2 in cancer, an exciting finding from our ChIP-chip study is that Sox2 was bound to the promoters of many cancer- and stem cell-associated genes in RR cells.
Both stems rely on the composite-beam fixation model, in which the stem needs to be firmly bound to the cement (Scheerlinck and Casteleyn 2006).
The 3.0 Å X-ray crystal structure of RluF bound to the isolated stem loop, in which U2604 is substituted by 5-fluorouridine to prevent catalytic turnover, shows RluF distinguishes closely spaced bases in similar environments by a selectivity mechanism based on a frameshift in base pairing.
