In the presence of 50 μmol/L compound, the virus bound to host cell in two conditions decreased to less than 20% of that seen in the absence of compound.
However, ACT binds to host cells through the integrin CD11b/CD18 receptor, which does not associate with lipid rafts before cell activation has taken place [28].
There are two cell-binding regions identified in this protein; peptides (11435 and 11438) from these regions specifically bind to host cells and inhibit EBV invasion of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) (Urquiza et al. 2004).
CSFV E2 (65% sequence identity) binds to host cells, inhibiting infection by both CSFV and BVDV, implying a common cell receptor for pestiviruses attaching through E2 (Hulst and Moormann, 1997).
CDT belongs to the family of binary ADP-ribosylating toxins consisting of two separate toxin components: CDTa, the enzymatic ADP-ribosyltransferase which modifies actin, and CDTb which binds to host cells and translocates CDTa into the cytosol.
Down-regulation of C activation by factor H occurs when it binds to host cells that carry deposited C3b molecules and anionic structures like sialic acids and glycosaminoglycans (Fearon, 1978; Pangburn and Müller-Eberhard, 1978; Meri and Pangburn, 1990).
LANA functions to tether the viral episomal DNA to host-cell chromosomes by binding as a dimer to terminal repeats of the viral DNA [6], [7] and to histone 2A and 2B bound to host-cell DNA [8].
S1 recognizes and binds to host cell receptors, leading to the conformational changes of S2 that mediate viral fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane.
Both HA and NA bind to host cell receptors containing sialic acid residues: HA to initiate viral entry into the host cell, and NA to permit the release of viral progeny from infected cells.
Recently, Kale and colleagues [ 11] have shown that fungal effectors contain functional variants of RXLR motifs, and that the oomycete and fungal RXLR and dEER motifs bind to host cell surface phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate.
