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Another common type of CF seen was bound to a cell, but apparently separate from that cell.
Complexity of the system increases because transport properties are different for receptors and ligands in free solution vs. bound to a cell surface.
Such binding results in either neutralisation of the antigen itself or, when the antigen is bound to a cell (e.g., bacteria), destruction of that cell via activation of the complement system, neutrophil degranulation, or phagocytosis by macrophages.
The needle tip was placed at a distance between 20 and 30 μm from a bead bound to a cell using a motorized micromanipulator (Injectman NI-2, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany).
Interaction of CBEL with a complex glycan, eventually bound to a cell wall polypeptide, could help its proper targeting and molecular docking to endogenous or exogenous cellulose microfibrils, and hence play roles both in cell wall scaffolding and in adhesion to exogenous cellulose.
Especially for TRAILR2, there is broad experimental evidence that binding of soluble TRAIL trimers is insufficient to trigger a significant apoptotic response, whereas secondarily oligomerized TRAIL trimers or trimeric single-chain variable fragment (scFv TRAIL fusion protein that have bound to a cell surface antigen are potent inducers of apoptosis.
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Next, the invader is partially digested by the body cell, and one of its fragments is moved to the surface of the cell, where it becomes bound to a cell-surface protein.
He further reasoned that one way this might be done is with a drug that binds to a cell's purine receptors, so that they cannot react when purines come along.
Bacteriophage endolysins (lysins) bind to a cell wall substrate and cleave peptidoglycan, resulting in hypotonic lysis of the phage-infected bacteria.
The tangles are made up of a protein called tau, which binds to a cell's scaffolding of microtubules for reasons not yet known.
In a series of reports throughout the year, researchers found that in order to get into a cell, HIV must first bind to a cell surface receptor that normally receives the chemokines, and the virus cannot infect people born with defective chemokine receptors.
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