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Two nonpeptidic non-zinc chelating inhibitors in the S1′ pocket were found that could be crystallised in the presence of an acetohydroxamate anion that bound the active site Zn2+ ion (Morales et al, 2004).
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By mimicking the structure of cellulose chain, these oligosaccharides bind the active site of CBHs (Kont et al. 2013).
Crystal structures show that these compounds bind the active site of rhomboid covalently and in a substrate-like manner, and kinetic analysis reveals their reversible, slow-binding, non-competitive mechanism.
Assuming that the other substrates (phenylalanine and pterin) can still bind the active site in a productive orientation, the hydroxylation reaction would not be catalyzed by an enzyme deficient in iron.
These inhibitors which bind the active site either reversibly or irreversibly include peptide aldehydes such as MG-132, non-peptide inhibitors such as lactacystin and epoxomycin and peptide boronates such as bortezomib [ 43].
All molecules were competitive inhibitors of GALC (Fig. 3) indicating that they specifically bind the active site and inhibited GALC with K i values ranging from 190 μM down to 380 nM.
These inhibitors belong mainly to the Kazal, Kunitz and α2-macroglobulin families and they use a lock-and-key mechanism with their reactive site loops to mechanistically bind the active sites of the target proteases [8].
They can therefore bind the active sites of similar proteins and thus generate possible side effects.
A remarkable feature of the experimental structures was the presence of FPP bound in the active site ∼8 Å from the cysteine bound to the active site zinc ion.
These RebC structures include a substrate-free form, a structure with a tautomer of 7-carboxy-K252c 7-carboxy-K252c 7-carboxy-K252c 3 structure with K252c 4 bound in the active site (Tande 1).
These probes bind to the active form of a protease and become permanently bound to the active site nucleophile.
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