Sentence examples for bound of the effects from inspiring English sources
The observed effects of rapid-guessing behavior serve as an upper bound of the effects of disengagement with the test.
On the contrary, the lower bound of the effect of observable family characteristics could be obtained by including school fixed effects in (mathbf{Y }).
Instead, we are interested in characterizing a likely upper bound of the effect of immigrant peers after controlling for a number of school characteristics.
This means that the estimates of childlessness in the ACS sample are a lower bound of the effect since more women might be classified as childless when they are not in the waves preceding the recession compared to waves after 2008.
Since this relationship between aspirations and migration is tested in a country with high enrollment rates and a generally high level of formal education, the results must be interpreted as the lower bound of the effect migration can have on aspirations.
And though our data are self-reported and unconfirmed by objective measures, we believe that self-report bias would tend toward underreporting of abuse and the impact thereof, so our results might be considered a lower bound of the effect.
This assumption likely makes our estimates an upper bound on the effects of the VR program on CPPD transfers to individuals.
This threshold τ places a bound on the effects of errors appearing at the output, modeled here as a vector e which is added to the true output y to characterize the observed output z = y + e, see Figure 3.
In this sense a lower bound on the effect of subsidies is estimated as the effect of the subsidy on the hiring decision is ignored.
Since we assume in this version of the matching procedure that the excess UC rejections in the post-Prop 209 regime represent the least prepared minority students, in contrast to the previous assumption that the distribution did not change, we consider this method a lower bound on behavioral response, and therefore also an upper bound on the effect of selection.
