Sentence examples for bound charges at the from inspiring English sources

H1 is attributed to the presence of bound charges at the metallic-electrode/DNA surface.

For simplification, we assume that the ferroelectric bound charges at the Au/BTO interface can be perfectly screened.

In reference [7], the author has started measurements of σ DNA at 1 Hz, but the experimental data were not adequate to explain the experimental data. 1 Hz was too high to detect the relaxation of bound charges at the interface between the metallic electrode and DNA.

When the ferroelectric polarization is pointed from top to bottom electrode, electrons are needed to screen the positive ferroelectric bound charges at the bottom electrode interface; thus, only the movement speed of electrons will affect the SET speed in the resistive switching process.

When the ferroelectric polarization is pointed from bottom to top electrode, oxygen vacancies are needed to screen the negative ferroelectric bound charges at the bottom electrode interface; thus, the movement speed of oxygen vacancies will restrict the RESET speed in the resistive switching process.

Up to the present study, there are three main types of charges that contribute to the charge transfer through DNA molecule: (i) bound dipoles and bound charges at the interface between metallic electrode and DNA, (ii) environmental charges and ions around the molecule, (iii) charges (either free or localized) on the molecule itself.

We believe that the hump at very low frequency (about 0.64 Hz), H1, is attributed to bound dipoles and bound charges located at the surface DNA-metallic electrode contacts.

We noticed, also, that in the frequency range f < 1 Hz the conduction by bound charges and dipoles at the interface between DNA and metallic electrode is inferior to all the other conductivities.

The positive and negative ferroelectric bound charges screened by electrons and oxygen vacancies at the BTO/NSTO interface play an important role at a positive and negative bias, respectively.

Suddenly the animal charges at the human.

It has been shown that in hybrid polymer inorganic photovoltaic devices not all the photogenerated excitons dissociate at the interface immediately, but can instead exist temporarily as bound charge pairs (BCPs).