But they are bound by a complex and restrictive legal framework, which campaigners say leaves them vulnerable to abuse.
In the absence of a ligand, AHR is bound by a complex of chaperon proteins, keeping it in the cytosol.
They are comprised of nucleotide repeats (TTAGGG in mammals) and are bound by a complex array of proteins that stabilize formation of a looped and protected chromosome end [ 1].
For any given infectious disease, who gets it, when, why, the duration, the severity, the outcome, the sequelae, are bound by a complex interplay of factors related as much to the individual as it is to the physical, social, cultural, political and economic environments.
Meanwhile, beta-catenin is bound by a "destruction complex" consisting of the scaffold proteins Axin and APC and the kinases GSK3beta and CK1, which phosphorylate beta-catenin on conserved sites in its amino terminus, marking it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome.
This suggests that the application of DSG is a promising method of identifying chromatin regions bound by a protein complex in plants, even if only one of the proteins is known, as has been shown in human cell culture systems [ 54].
Telomeres are specialized heterochromatin structures at the ends of chromosomes composed of tandem TTA (Perera et al, 2008) GGG repeats bound by a protein complex, known as shelterin, that protects chromosome ends from degradation and DNA repair activities (Blasco, 2007; Palm & de Lange, 2008).
In the absence of the ligand, Gli1 is transcriptionally repressed; full-length Gli2 and Gli3 (Gli2/3FL) proteins are bound by a putative cytoplasmic complex called Hedgehog signaling complex (HSC).
To search for potential 'TF-preferred' k-mers [25], we then searched for 6-mers bound by GST-CSL at PBM enrichment score (E >0.37 (bound at a 0.1% false discovery rate) and bound by a particular protein complex at E<0.32 (i.e., not bound well), and separately for 6-mers bound by a particular protein complex at E>0.37 and bound by GST-CSL at E<0.32.
In addition, the telomere region is bound by a six-protein complex called shelterin/telosome, containing TRF1, TRF2, TPP1, POT1, TIN2 and RAP1, which is crucial for maintaining the structure and function of telomeres (de Lange, 2005; Liu et al., 2004; Xin et al., 2008).
Mammalian telomeric chromatin is composed of tandem repeats of the TTAGGG sequence bound by a specialized protein complex known as shelterin (de Lange, 2005; Palm & de Lange, 2008).
