Experiences and learning lessons from small-scale, university-business-government collaboration cases are described and used as supporting knowledge for the hypothetical, bottom-up type of collaboration model.
Facilitating bottom-up and lateral collaboration.
It is, the authors write, "a result of a combination of top-down planning and bottom-up solutions, a unique collaboration between pragmatic thinking and comprehensive masterplanning".
A new style of "bottom-up, empowering" leadership focusing on collaboration will sweep the country.
The Prozorro system is famous for its different approaches to bottom-up reform based on the close collaboration between government, business and civil society.
The authors, who are all affiliated with the Deloitte Center for the Edge, define pull as "the ability to draw out people and resources as needed to address opportunities and challenges". Some of the characteristics of pull are collaboration, flexibility and bottom-up initiatives.
Within a primary care context, trust-based collaboration approaches from the bottom-up are considered essential for stimulating the integration of different services [ 8, 10, 11] because they have traditionally been delivered by professionally-owned, disjointed, small-scale practices [ 23].
They occur in highly informal scenarios where intrinsic motivation and personal interest often guide people's epistemic activities (Schroer & Hertel, 2009; H. L. Yang & Lai, 2010), and where collaboration develops as a bottom-up, self-organized process of active participation.
Underlying all aspects of its resilience strategy is the mantra of "co-creation", a bottom-up meets top-down approach that calls for collaboration between citizens and the municipality.
The results showed that collaboration was poor between groups but strong among the members of each group, and that collaboration among groups doesn't emerge bottom-up, instead it seems to be promoted from the top, from the administrative authorities.
