This paper presents an attempt at confronting this challenge by describing a process for building formal ontologies that combines a top down philosophical perspective (from the most abstract levels to domain-specific levels) with a bottom-up application-based perspective (from domain-specific levels to the most abstract levels).
Trypsin was used as the protease of choice in this study because it is the enzyme most commonly used for mass spectrometric-based bottom-up proteomics applications.
Concerning bottom-up approaches, the application of lattice Monte Carlo methods to this problem is addressed.
Early energy models were commonly bottom-up linear programming applications (using optimization) focused strictly on the assessment of energy systems.
In fact, the same distributed, bottom-up processes drive popular applications such as Flickr, Twitter and Facebook.
The foundation, which specialises in supporting smaller charities, says in the report [pdf], Commissioning in Crisis, that many of society's most intractable problems can be solved only through the reach of grassroots organisations and their application of bottom-up solutions.
For the existence of the size effect of ferroelectricity and the potential application of bottom-up assembled novel nanostructures, the synthesis of ultrafine BaTiO3 nanoparticles is theoretically and technologically important [4].
This conforms to what has been shown by numerous researchers that an integrated comprehension of a text relies heavily on the fluid, accurate, and efficient application of bottom-up processes (e.g., Aebersold & Field 1997; Anderson & Pearson 1984; Carrell 1984; Rumelhart 1980; Stanovich 1980, as cited in Rupp et al. 2006).
This work demonstrates the potential of PLs to act simultaneously as a source/carrier of GFs and as a 3D structure of support, through the application of a "bottom-up" approach involving the assembly of NPs, resulting in an enriched construct for cartilage regeneration applications.
Our results suggest that this low-cost bottom-up approach is promising for applications in functional nanodevices.
