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In this way, the challenge of accurate gene annotation can be approached both from the bottom up (gene orthology) and top down (relationship to physiological functions), tying together microbial phylogeny and physiology.
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In this work, we applied a bottom-up, gene sets approach to multiple datasets to determine gene signatures for prognosis of breast cancer patients.
These results support the model of Wilkins [34], who proposed that the evolution of sex-determining cascades was bottom up, with the genes at the bottom being more conserved than those further upstream genes (for a theoretical analysis of this model see [35]).
A priori algorithm is a "bottom up" approach, where frequent gene subsets are extended one item at a time (i.e., candidate generation) and groups of candidates are tested against the data.
In the bottom-up approach, gene signatures developed from other biological models are applied to gene expression datasets to classify patients into clinically distinct groups [ 12, 20].
Bottom up, not top down.
Howard wrote history from the bottom up.
One is bottom up.
We are bottom up.
It should come from the bottom up.
The Internet grows from the bottom up.
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