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Instead, White House officials say that ever since his January speech, Mr. Bush has been pursuing a dual strategy, pressing for "top down" change from Baghdad as well as "bottom up" change from the provinces.
The change management framework [12, 13] discussed by Akram et al. combines the ordinary and re-configurable petrinets to deal with the incoming bottom up change requests.
Their talks were passionate and focused on the need for bottom up change drawn from real-life experiences from being child soldiers, to disabled kids, to work promoting self-esteem for girls worldwide.
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"This is about bottom-up change, not top-down," she told reporters.
But although bottom-up change is to be encouraged, it is not the job of film awards to transform society".
He believes it will be characterised by decentralisation, bottom-up change, flat organisations and networks, systems thinking, flexibility and collaboration.
This sort of bottom-up change is already happening, mainly in smaller initiatives, such as Transition Towns and Eco-villages, that are trying to set up sustainable, sufficient and resilient lifestyles in localized economies.
That said, community-led Cycling KL – a crowd-sourced mapping project for and by urban cyclists – has been successfully pushing for bottom-up change, and encouraging people use bikes.
It's this kind of bottom-up change that is likely to transform the benefits landscape for Americans, rather than any kind of more sweeping top-down federal government policy change.
This article proposes four factors as crucial elements for a successful bottom-up change process: the macro and micro contexts, the project leader and the project members.
Interviews were conducted with 5 administrators, one student council member and 13 faculty members involved in a large-scale bottom-up change process.
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