Two alternative approaches for typology development were used: an expert-based top-down approach, and a bottom-up approach based on automated clustering using Self Organizing Maps (SOMs).
We then describe our bottom-up approach, based on domains uses cases to verify our proposal of applying system and requirement engineering to infrastructure project.
They then verify the practicality of their proposal using a bottom-up approach based on three use cases (acoustic studies, safety audit, sizing drainage system).
A bottom-up approach based on hydrothermal carbonization of organic molecules has been used to prepare carbon materials doped with either nitrogen or sulfur or both.
We report here on a bottom-up approach based on hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers and ECM-peptides to make an electro-spun, bioactive supramolecular mesh which can be applied as synthetic basement membrane.
This chapter reviews human experiments that involve bottom-up skill learning while also describing bottom-up skill learning, as captured in a (simplified) computational model of the bottom-up approach, based on many related empirical and theoretical considerations.
The bottom-up approach, based on peptide fingerprinting and MS/MS experiments on peptides obtained from enzymatic digestions of proteins, is a classical strategy for protein identification and is currently in progress in our laboratory, to further extend the list of the proteins detected in the extracts and in the intact antennae.
Therefore, top-down policies for cost containment are not successful; rather, a bottom-up approach based on consensus among professionals should become the preferred option.
6 Previous analyses have advocated a community-centred regeneration strategy, 4 6 28 one that takes a bottom-up approach based on local needs and participation.
The cost derivation follows a bottom-up approach based on the following formula: Number of "A" units x costs per unit "A" = Total cost of "A" units.
